Plagiarism, including self-plagiarism, is strictly prohibited in this journal. Authors are required to submit original work and must ensure that any use of previously published materials, including ideas, data, or wording, is properly cited and acknowledged.

Manuscripts containing substantially similar content must not be submitted to more than one journal at the same time. Such practices are considered unethical and will not be tolerated.

Authors must provide appropriate acknowledgment to all sources that contribute to their research. Proper citation of relevant literature is essential to maintain academic integrity.

screening procedure

All submitted manuscripts undergo plagiarism screening as part of the editorial process. The procedure includes:

• Initial screening by the editorial team through manual checking, both offline and via online databases, to ensure proper citation and quotation practices.
• Further evaluation using plagiarism detection software such as Turnitin.

Manuscripts with a similarity index exceeding 25% will be automatically rejected due to indications of plagiarism.